[Editor’s Note: This essay to be posted as sequels is from the second volume of the S/HE journal. See S/HE: An International Journal of Goddess Studies (Volume 2 Number 1, 2023). Page numbers and footnote numbers differ in this page.]
BACKGROUND DISCUSSIONS
Neither were Sillans the inventor of the Buddhist temple bell. Nor was Silla the cradle of Buddhism. Pre-Sillan Buddhist bells are found around the world. It is unknown what the exact original model of the Sillan bronze bell was or when the first Sillan bell was cast. What is evident is that Sillans were the originator of the whale-dragon bell. The specific feature of the Sillan bell, which I call the whale-dragon bell, originates from the period of Unified Silla. Noteworthy is that the whale-dragon bell is strikingly distinguished from the counterparts of the world including China and Japan (see Figures 4 and 5). I hold that the whale-dragon bell encodes the Korean identity as the whale-revering matriversal people. The whale-dragon bell embodies the matriversal principle, which is reductively adopted by the Buddhist church today. The topic of Sillan syncretism between Buddhism and Magoist Cetaceanism goes beyond the scope of this essay.[1] The cetacean identity of the Sillan bell opens the door to the Mother World, the reality of an ever-happening beginning. Reinvented in the eighth century of Silla, the Sillan bell invokes the matriversal consciousness in which whales are loved and revered as divine. The whale-dragon bell depicts the bio-sono-ecological behavior of cetaceans, which nurtures all planetary beings by way of managing planetary water, weather, and climate.[2] Upon being struck by the mallet, the whale bell symbolizes the song of whales, which equilibrates the terrestrial sonic resonance in harmony with the Cosmic Music, “the reverberating sound of a dragon,” expressed in the Name Text of the Divine Bell. The whale bell is a sublime representation of the cetacean divine (Nona Dragons) who represents the terrestrial divine as part of the triadic divine together with the heavenly divine, Nona Magos (Cosmic Mothers), and the humanly divine, Nona Gomas (Shaman Queens) (see [Figure 9]).
(To be continued)
[1] For example, early Buddhist temples of Silla were built on the sacred forest sites, famed from the pre-Buddhist times. These seven sites are Cheongyeongrim (天鏡林 Heavenly Mirror Forest), Samcheongi (三川岐 Three Streams Fork), Southern Dragon Palace, Northern Dragon Palace, Sacheonmi (Sand Stream End), Sinyurim (神遊林 Divine Staying Forest) and Seochengjeon (婿請田 Son-in-law’s Requested Field). Samguk Yusa Book 3, Heungbeop 3. An ancient Korean endeavor to transform Buddhism from the indigenous perspective of Magoist Cetaceanim was not limited to Sillans. Noteworthy is that, among others, early Korean Buddhist temples are associated with the Seon (Magoist) tradition. Goseonsa (高仙寺 Temple of Old Seon/Magoism) founded by Wonhyo (617-686) of Silla and Seonamsa (仙巖寺 Temple of Seon/Magoist Rock) whose old name was Haecheonsa (海川寺 Temple of the Sea and the River) founded by Ado of Goguryeo in 529 during the reign of Seong-wang, Baekje, are the examples.
I posit that ancient Koreans were aware of the patriarchal core of Buddhism. They propagated the cetacean faith of Mireuk, the female cosmogonist. Mireuk is not the same as Maitreya, although it is commonly transliterated so. The word, mireuk (미륵 彌勒), is an indigenous word, derivative of mir (미르 the dragon) and mul (물 water) in Korean. Mireuk associated with a dragon is an embodiment of the Magoist Cetacean divine.
Korean Shamanic lyrics describe Mireuk as a maternal cosmogonist who could grow flowers from her yoni, whereas Seokga (the Shakamuni Buddha) was a paternal counterpart who could not. Thus, he lied and stole the flowering power from her. Miruek, aware that Seokga was a cheater, retreated herself from the scene. The “flower contest” mythos manifests in East Asia and beyond. See “A map of the ‘flower contest’ motif in East Asian mythology,” accessed March 21, 2023, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Flower_contest_myth.png.
As Buddhism enthroned the Shakimuni Buddha arrived at the land of post-Korean states, ancient Magoist Koreans forged the faith of Mireuk to cope with the colonial and patriarchal force backed by Buddhism. Note the two Shaman lyrics (Muga) documented from South Hamgyeong, presently North Korea, the Changsega (Song of Cosmogony) and the Saenggut (Ritual of the Saint). For the Changsega, see https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0055450. For the Saenggut, see https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0029901. I maintain that the Mireuk faith rose as a way of resisting and redefining Buddhism. Buddhism was perceived as a patriarchal religion, reductionist and colonialist, by post-Budo Koreans. A large corpus of Mireuk related sources (written and oral including placenames) accounts for my hypothesis. Construction of Mireuk Temples (Mireuksa) in Baekje (17 BCE-670) was among the examples.
[2] Whales are known for stabilizing the global climate. Michelle Carrere in her article, “To fight climate change, save the whales, some scientists say,” underscores the importance of whales in not only fighting climate change but also in stabilizing marine ecosystems and writes:
In addition to the carbon dioxide that whales capture in their bodies and store deep in the ocean when they die, they also fertilize the ocean with their feces and urine, leading to large phytoplankton blooms…
“We have to minimize every threat affecting whales (and marine ecosystems as a whole) arising from human activities through decisive and concerted actions,” Hucke-Gaete said. Because of their ability to capture and store atmospheric carbon, as well as the many other ways they help stabilize marine ecosystems, he said, “Every whale counts and we should take care of them as if they were the golden goose.”
Michelle Carrere, “To fight climate change, save the whales, some scientists say,” trans. Sara Engel, March 1, 2021,https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/to-fight-climate-change-save-the-whales-some-scientists-say/.