January 23, 2023January 23, 2023 Mago WorkLeave a comment

(Book Excerpt 4) Re-Membering with Goddess: Healing the Patriarchal Perpetuation of Trauma by Trista Hendren

Finding Myself Caroline Selles I open the box of puzzle pieces that are my pain. As I sort through the jumble of jagged bleeding pieces, I notice My illusionsMy faultsMy Read More …

(Prose) Spiral Bracelets and Snakes by Susan Hawthorne

The Snake Goddess, from the Temple Repositories at Knossos, 1650-1550 BC. Archaeological Museum of Heraklion. From Wikimedia Commons “The spiral bracelets move. They creep down my shoulders and neck. The sun blazes orange and red on the horizon. I feel a tickling in my ears. I hear a faint whispering. Their tongues are licking the skin, the wax of my outer ears.”[1] Notes This short extract comes from towards the end of my novel The Falling Woman. I was writing this book between 1982 and 1992. At the time, I was thinking of the Cretan snake bracelets which I had seen in the Heraklion Archaeological Museum in the late 1970s and mid 1980s. The extract is about a woman sitting inside a rock hollow in the Australian desert. It’s a story of two women who venture into the desert for a holiday, but it is also about how one of these women named Stella/Estella/Estelle is trying to figure out her own way of being in the world. They face the usual complications of travel to remote areas – punctured tyres, engine troubles, getting bogged in sand – but Stella also has to face her own mortality and the vagaries of epilepsy. The Trojan princess, Cassandra makes an appearance in the reference to the licking of the ears by snakes. Contemporary women face the same obstacle as Cassandra did. She was raped by Ajax and dragged away from the altar of Athena. For resisting rape, Cassandra was punished by the god Apollo. Previously, she was able to prophesy the future, but after this she was condemned to be disbelieved. Just as women these days are still disbelieved when they report rape. I have recently been rereading Whence the Goddess: A Source Book by Miriam Robbins Dexter. It is a treasure trove of information about the mythic history of goddesses from many parts of the northern hemisphere. She points out that although Athena is often regarded as the ally of patriarchy, in earlier times the snake is her companion.[2] And in her discussion of snake predecessors Miriam translates from the Aeneid[3] the description of Allecto, one of The Furies, that her, heart [loves] sad wars, rages, plots, and noxious crimes … she changes herself into so many forms, such fierce shapes, so many black serpents sprout up These are the serpents of resistance to the impositions of patriarchy. The Furies rail against the killing of women, the invasion of women’s scared spaces and of women’s ability to give birth, spill her own blood and thrive. As Marija Gimbutas showed in her book, The Language of the Goddess,[4] the snake is a symbol of women from the earliest periods of prehistory that predated the arrival of Indo-European societies and as Judy Foster also shows in her book Invisible Women of Prehistory,[5] the snake not only appears in Minoan and Indo-European derived societies but also in many parts of Africa and Australia. In this time of war and conflagration, we need more than ever a movement toward a society which respects the power of women and forsakes the violence of patriarchy. © Susan Hawthorne, 2023 [1] Hawthorne, Susan. 1992. The Falling Woman. Melbourne: Spinifex Press, p. 255. [2] Robbins Dexter, Miriam. 1990. Whence the Goddess: A Source Book. New York: Pergamon Press. p. 119. [3] Vergil. Aeneid, Book VII, lines 324-329. Cited in Robbins Dexter, p. 180. [4] Gimbutas, Marija, 1989. The Language of the Goddess. New York: Harper & Row. [5] Foster, Judy with Marlene Derlet. 2013. Invisible Women of Prehistory: three million years of peace, six thousand years of war. Melbourne: Spinifex Press. https://www.magoism.net/2013/12/meet-mago-contributor-susan-hawthone/
(Special Post 7) Nine-Headed Dragon Slain by Patriarchal Heroes: A Cross-cultural Discussion by Mago Circle Members

[Editor’s Note: This and the ensuing sequels are a revised version of the discussion that has taken place in The Mago Circle, Facebook group, since September 24, 2017 to the present. Themes are introduced and interwoven in a somewhat random manner, as different discussants lead the discussion. The topic of the number nine is key to Magoism, primarily manifested as Nine Magos or the Nine Mago Creatrix. Mago Academy hosts a virtual and actual event, Nine Day Mago Celebration, annually.] Helen Hye-Sook Hwang Ancient China attempted to overthrow the confederacy of Nine Goma peoples through a “divide and conquer” ideology, which gave rise to the Chinese thought “Five Phases,” a distortion/misunderstanding of Nine Numerology (the number five is deemed central, located at the center ruling over the periphery 8 numbers, refer to the Loshu Square also known as the Solomon Square in the West today). Ancient China eventually chased the Nine Goma away into the four directions and called them “barbarians” of the East, South, West, and North, while taking the center for itself by way of military campaign. http://m.photoviewer.naver.com/blog… In ancient Chinese wordview, the emperor (Son of the Heaven) at the center rules over barbarians in the four directions of “the land of outskirt.” Lizzy Bluebell Thanks for this nice juicy explanation of the FIVE! “a distortion/misunderstanding of Nine Numerology (the number five is deemed central, located at the center ruling over the periphery 8 numbers, refer to the Loshu Square also known as the Solomon Square in the West today). Ancient China eventually chased the Nine Goma away into the four directions and called them “barbarians” of the East, South, West, and North, while taking the center for itself by way of military campaign.” Helen Hye-Sook Hwang That is a summary of the Budoji’s critique of Yao’s calendar and the establishment of his patriarchal rule, ancient China. Helen Hye-Sook Hwang Lizzy Bluebell and all, please find the Mago Almanac: https://www.magobooks.com/…/2018-Mago-Almanac-for-Mago… Lizzy Bluebell Thank you for your gift Helen. May our interactions prove fruitful for all wombanhood. Upon reading the introductory pages, I am thrilled to discover this passage which cites the possible antiquity of the gynocentric calendar and hope, with your permission, that I may use it in quotations in my own work, because it succinctly confirms my own understanding; “The origin of the 28 day /13 month gynocentric calendar remains unknown. The 13 lunar cycle may have been already available as early as 25,000 to 20, 000 BCE, as shown in the relief of the “Venus of Laussel” in France, the Paleolithic Woman who holds in her hand a bison horn with 13 notches. Her people are possibly to have used the 28 day sidereal lunar cycle 3 in sync with the menstrual cycle for a monthly cycle, given that the 13 months is a consequential number of monthly 28 days in a year. Also the linguistic data supports. Many languages of the world share the same root for “moon”, “menstruation” and “month”. We simply don’t have more data beyond that.” Helen Hye-Sook Hwang Lizzy Bluebell The data that I explicated after that is what I want us to pay attention and discuss. We have a plenty of data to discuss that the Budoji and Goma data provide. Lizzy Bluebell I’ll have to finish reading and digest the Almanac for a bit in re: the numerology of nine. My own conception of the ROLL of numbers in the PATRIX we inhabit does not fit exactly like a glove here; simply because I DO LIVE IN THE NOW – FREE FLOWING ALWAYS OUTSIDE of the MAN-Made TIME CON-struckt. Fascinating that the ‘calends’ relates to TAX collection monthly – Wall Street definitely follows that pattern. Phrases in the Almanac that excited me are : “Collective Consciousness is the oldest archive of human affairs” << beautiful ! “Wombtime is embodied time”. “Measurer is me – I am the scale of time” << Reminds me of Egyptian Ma’at as holder of the scales and measures of time in her role as ‘Principle of Natural Balance’. “Reification of the female principle”. “Can a Gynocentric Consciousness co-exist with a logical mind?” << YES absolutely !! “The menstruant is the very embodiment to time and number…” Helen Hye-Sook Hwang Lizzy Bluebell Nine Numerology = the Nine Mago Creatrix = Nine Goddess Symbols = Inter-cosmic Time = The Womb Time = WE/HERE/NOW Sara Wright Wow, this is fascinating! Lizzy Bluebell “Chiu won the war, the first international/global war waged over the defense/overthrow of the Magoist throne.” My friend Ravinder has referred to this war !! I forget the details now – but he said it happened in India too. Helen Hye-Sook Hwang Leslene Della-Madre and Lizzy Bluebell, For the war between Magoists (Old Korea) and para-Magoists (ancient China to be) comes within a context. If one is aware of ancient Chinese mytho-history (ancient Chinese rulers and their accomplishments, for example), this is easy. I don’t know who is versed in such basic background. I am not expecting that anyone would read it from the perspective of Magoist Old Korea. There are a number of non-mainstream Koreanists who represent that voice but they are not publishing in English. I would say that the war between Chiu and Hwangje marks the archetypal war of sexes. Both parties were of the Goma descent. This war was remembered by ancient Chinese rulers and their supporters as the slaying of the nine-headed snake, one of Gongong’s ministers. Gongong was possibly one of the nine state queens. Chiu was aided by Gonggong and other nine state queens in her war against Hwangje and his allies, the forefathers of ancient China. This war was likely remembered or rather reenacted by patriarchal rulers elsewhere, in Greece for example. Thus, we have the myth of slaying Lernaean Hydra. Like China, they needed a fabricated story of this war. I bet the myth of slaying nine-headed snake monster is known in other ancient patriarchal states. I will keep pointing to such data. It is indeed a juicy topic but I don’t feel I am doing justice without laying out the context, which is …
(Poem) The Hens on Christmas Morning by Mary Saracino

The hens greet me at the fence this Christmas morning hungry for feed, for scratch for good cheer, fresh water. The air is crisp and cool, the sky brilliant blue against the bare tree branches this quiet, sunny morning. As others unwrap presents in a flurry, I gather the gift of eggs from the coop and thank the black and brown creatures for their generosity. They cluck and fuss as I nod goodbye, cradling their fragile, oval gems in my grateful hands. Read Meet Mago Contributor, Mary Saracino.
(Art & Poem) Lammas by Sudie Rakusin & Annie Finch

LAMMAS CHANT (two voices, alternating) Fill the earth’s belly full.
(Prose & Poetry) Do You Believe in Magic? by Deanne Quarrie

I went online to dictionary.com and pulled three definitions for the word “magic.” The art of producing illusions as entertainment by the use of sleight of hand, deceptive devices, etc., conjuring. To pull a rabbit out of a hat by magic. The art of producing a desired effect or result through the use of incantation or various other techniques that presumably assure human control of supernatural agencies or the forces of nature. Any extraordinary or mystical influence, charm, power, etc. The magic in a great name; the magic of music; the magic of spring. The first definition is the one that most people think of when the word is used. The second is what people think storybook witches and wizards do and the third, a great way of using the word when talking about marvelous things in life.
(Meet Mago Contributor) Joan Powell

Joan Powell is a fourth generation Australian and lives in central Queensland. Since discovering the Creativity of Mary, Joan has spent recent years retracing her ancestors stories and travels.
(Poem) Gossamers by Phibby Venable

Wikimedia Commons Some mornings I steal the sky and take it back I stash clouds of illumination I plot a good life, not in a quarry, but in a song I may recognize and add to the long festival that is my life. This morning I saw the sweet grass by the same old river, the habits in my heart, the flyaway of dreams I am interviewing birds, the ones with softened songs I am walking in fragments of myself, stepping hard through blue stones, clinging to the sky God by invisible strings I don’t believe it is bad luck for a woman to whistle https://www.magoism.net/2015/01/meet-mago-contributor-phibby-venable/
Navigating by the Star Goddesses by Carolyn Lee Boyd

Andrew Ruiz andrewruiz, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons I hike a conservation trail in late afternoon as a heavy hush infuses the air. Pink sun rays tinge the first fall leaves scarlet and a snake rustles the trail’s twigs. Swiftly, dusk flings a shadow mantle over the forest. Soon I am unable to see the small circle trail signs nailed high on trees or the undergrowth’s dirt paths. I raise my eyes to the stars, just barely visible so early. In truth, I can identify only the north star and big dipper even on the blackest of nights. Still, the impulse from millennia of humans navigating the seas and landscape by the stars has its way, and I look up. Eventually I find the main trail and make my way home, but I am bereaved that the stars who guided my ancestors for a hundred millennia are, in my ignorance, nothing but silence to me. So often we of the 21st century perceive our lives as a journey but are without the navigators who helped past sojourners determine where they were beginning and how to arrive at their destination. We may spend our lives seeking who we are, our life’s mission, and what we want to have accomplished at the end of our lives without goddesses to show us our proper relation to the Earth and Cosmos and the traditional wise women who once counseled us through life’s transitions and crises. Our global ancestors not only safely crossed sea and land by knowing to which direction heavenly bodies pointed but also by looking to the sky for guidance through life’s passageways with astrology or other celestial divination. In fact, the words for philosopher, wisdom-seeker, in both Old Irish and Scots Gaelic originate in their words for star-gazer. Could the goddesses whose myths are set among the stars, moon, and sun also help us find our way today? If I had gazed at the sky until evening I might have seen Venus, known to the ancient Sumerians as the evening and morning stars and associated with Inanna. They considered Venus’ never-ending cycles to be a source of stability in daily life. Similarly, I believe that the steadfastness granted to Inanna by Her deep self-understanding was key to the success of one of the greatest spiritual journeys ever taken, Her descent to the Underworld. There, in that land of the dead, She was judged and killed. However, because She profoundly knew Her own strengths and needs, She never waivered in Her purpose. She survived and ascended back home wiser and mightier. As we begin our own journeys, we can find that same self-knowledge within ourselves by witnessing the many challenges we have overcome and the good we have done, by truly seeing ourselves as spirited and sage beings who can come through life’s traumas and arise again. With a glimmering of perception of who we are now, we can look to goddesses who trekked from Earth to their rightful places in the sky for clues as to finding our proper headings into the future. The great Pacific goddess Hina lived on Earth but, according to version of her story I especially love, grew tired of doing all the family chores and flew to the moon to find peace where she still beats tapas to make cloth for clouds. This story reminds me of the importance of finding which positive value is most important to us, in this case peace, and making our way towards it however we can. What is the common destination of all your right decisions, whether peace, freedom, love, beauty, or any other name for the wholeness that all life strives for? Might the pursuits followed by the goddesses with whom you most resonate also help you make decisions as to which paths to take? The story of the Seven Sisters, the Pleiades, found all over the world, may be the oldest myth in human history. In these tales, often seven sisters arise together into the sky, reminding us that in seeking navigation for our own lives, we also become navigators for each other. Oftentimes friends and family can see our most treasured qualities and where we can most successfully go. Helping one another navigate hones our own skills and can give us perspective for finding our own way. Our travels are interconnected. We will find our ways together. At night’s end, the sun rises on the horizon over the forest trees, bringing to mind the story of the Scandinavian goddess Sol and what it tells us about how our journeys end, or perhaps how they never really do. Sol is chased through the sky until She is devoured at the end of the world, only to give birth to a daughter who then becomes the sun in a new sky. Like Sol, if we are to continue to grow, we must learn to navigate a constantly changing world even as we prepare to birth the next. We must realize that our real goal isn’t coming to an ending place, but rather to move the world better along the paths that we are all on together, knowing that what we do today may reverberate for generations. Agnes Tapley using a sextant for celestial navigation. U.S. National Park Service, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons We humans are natural wanderers and explorers, whether of inner or otherworldly dimensions or a New England forest in the liminal place between day and evening. But we need navigators, both within and outside ourselves, to arrive safely at our destinies. Sometimes we can find our navigators in myths of goddesses revered for millennia, whether those who rise to the sky or plunge into the Underworld. But in truth, once they have pointed the way, our best navigator is always within us, and her lantern is always there for us as we venture through our uncertain and chaotic, but ultimately beautiful and joyful lives. Sources: Patrician Monaghan’s Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines, Peter Berresford Ellis’s The …
(Poetry) Sita by Susan Hawthorne

After the recent TRA (Trans Rights Activists) attacks on Nina Paley, a very talented film maker, I decided that I would post my poem ‘what Queenie says about Sita’. I wrote this after seeing Nina Paley’s film Sita Sings the Blues in 2010 when I was studying Sanskrit at ANU. The poem is from my book Cow (2011) and Queenie is an intergalactic cow with a deep knowledge of philosophy (she has been around for many millennia and seen it all); she knows every famous cow who has ever been; and is quite keen on any religion in which cows play an important part (and there are many of them). Cow is a book full of mythic stories and my retelling of Sita is just one among many. what Queenie says about Sita Sita was no slouch just a woman in the tumult of emotion she tried to help her man get a life get out and about she said why not follow that deer dear she needed time alone but it’s always been hard for women to find solitude Sita was no different soon the rival king was coming round asking for samosas with pickles and chutney and before she knew it he had her tucked up in his flying chariot heading south she flew with him to see a bit of the country from the air but Raavana had other ideas he tried to woo her but that wasn’t why she consorted a mountain from a molehill before she knew it the scouts were arriving on her doorstep begging her to turn back why couldn’t Rama come and ask her himself? if she wasn’t important enough for a visit why bother? so she stayed on at the mountain resort with its beach views elephants peacocks temples evening dancing and good intelligent conversation Raavana too didn’t get it what was it with these men? can’t they tell the difference between great conversation and no desire for sex? (in the case of Raavana) or great love lust and passion but no wish to give up on intellectual pursuits for housework sitting pretty and emotional deserts? (in the case of Rama) all Sita wanted was a balanced and fulfilling lifestyle was it really that hard? she contemplated suicide this woman who knew her mind she could not understand why Rama ten months after her capture had not come to fight for her but suicide is hard without implements and then came the war unwarranted just as for Helen across the desert lands there seemed no end to the bloodshed the fear the escalating madness of war hatred destruction once started she was no longer relevant to the discussion she tried negotiating nothing happening tried the cold shoulder only to inflame the passions of Raavana she retreated kept out of sight one day a great conflagration arose a river of blood the palace burnt to the ground Raavana lost his head there was Rama standing before her his eyes cold his heart stone but there was nothing else for it but to turn homeward it hadn’t changed a bit still irrelevant in Rama’s list of duties she sat alone like Penelope waiting for the man she thought she knew to return before long she noticed the early signs she conceived what was to come well before her belly swelled this time he evicted her sent her into exile she was not much more alone and here she could get her life back together stop waiting for someone to notice her she started a school for the study of language people came from the lands all around they told stories recited day-long epic poems played music danced and painted finally life was good she became revered among the people for her intelligence her wit her sense of justice and fun they also thought her beautiful one among many fine attributes Sita stayed in her own country her children flourished knowing only a little of their mother’s trials (of their father they knew only that he had been most interested in his reputation among men) Notes on the poem Sita: a foundling, regarded as the daughter of Bhudevi, the earth gooddess. Sita’s name means furrow, the line of a ploughshare; she was discovered in a furrow of a ploughed field. She is a principle player in the epic Ramayana and married to Rama. Raavana: the demon king of Lanka. Rama the exiled king of Ayodhya. You can watch Nina Paley’s animated movie Sita Sings the Blues here; https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=RzTg7YXuy34 It has had almost a million viewers. Nina Paley on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina_Paley For an image, I like this one: http://www.sitasingstheblues.com/watch.html The film is produced under a copyleft licence. So images can be shared. You can find out more about my book Cow here: http://www.spinifexpress.com.au/Bookstore/book/id=215/ Meet Mago Contributor, Susan Hawthorne

(Special Post 3) Nine-Headed Dragon Slain by Patriarchal Heroes: A Cross-cultural Discussion by Mago Circle Members

[Editor’s Note: This and the ensuing sequels are a revised version of the discussion that has taken place in The Mago Circle, Facebook group, since September 24, 2017 to the present. Themes are introduced and interwoven in a somewhat random manner, as different discussants lead the discussion. The topic of the number nine is key to Magoism, primarily manifested as Nine Magos or the Nine Mago Creatrix. Mago Academy hosts a virtual and actual event, Nine Day Mago Celebration, annually.] Helen Hye-Sook Hwang: Xiang Yao or Xiangliu is the Chinese equivalent to Hydra in Greek mythology. And Hercules is to Yu, the Great, founder of the Xia dynasty. We will see in the course of this discussion that the myth of Yu, the founding ruler of Xia, the oldest dynasty of China, who slains the nine-headed snake, is only a variation of its older prototype, the myth of Huangdi who fought Chiu, the alliance of the Nine Han Giants (East Asian/Korean Magoists). “According to the Classic of Mountains and Seas, Xiangliu was a minister of the snake-like water deity Gonggong. Xiangliu devastated the ecology everywhere he went, leaving nothing but gullies and marshes devoid of animal life. Eventually, Xiangliu was killed by Yu the Great, whose other labors included ending the Great Flood of China. In other versions of the story, Xiangliu was killed by Nüwa, after being defeated by Zhurong, but his blood was so virulently poisonous that the soil which it soaked could no longer grow grain.[1] An oral version of the Xiangliu myth was collected as late from Sichuan as 1983, in which Xiangliu is depicted as a nine-headed dragon, responsible for floods and other harm.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiangliu Helen Hye-Sook Hwang: Ancient China had to demonize the pre-Han myth of the nona Mago because it bespeaks the matriarchal/gynocentric history that it overthrew… the past that had to be severed in order to fake patriarchal originality. With this in mind, we have a better look on patriarchal mythopoeia, which appears to be complex but, nonetheless, transparent in its motive to hide/hijack pre-patriarchal gynocentric histories. “One of the most harrowing myths from ancient China is the story of Gonggong’s rebellion. You can revisit the whole story here, but the quick version is that the evil water god Gonggong attempted to drown the world and was only prevented from doing so by the heroic last resort actions of the beneficent creator goddess Nüwa, who cut the legs off the cosmic turtle in order to set things to rights. In the chaos of the climactic battle, however Gongong’s chief minister and partner in crime Xiangliu the nine-headed snake monster completely escaped. Filled with bitterness about Gonggong’s failure, Xiangliu crawled away across the soggy lands of Szechuan (which were water-logged after the nearly world-ending floods). Wherever he went, the snake monster left permanent fens and swamps which were toxic to life. His very being had become steeped in poison, and his progress through the damp and moldy world had to be stopped. Yu the hero, the third of the three sage kings, finally caught up with the nine-headed monster and killed him in a pitched battle. Yet still there was a problem: Xiangliu’s pestiferous blood has poisoned the whole region, which now stank of rot. Crops would not grow and civilization began to falter. Yu dug up the blood soaked soil again and again, but the corrupted blood of the monster just sank deeper into the ground. Finally, Yu excavated a deep valley by Kunlun mountain and rid the world of Xiangliu’s toxins. With all of the land he had excavated he built a great terraced mountain for the gods. Yu then went forth to found the kingdom of Xia, the first civilized state in Chinese history. Of course some people say that Yu did none of this, that, it was the goddess Nüwa who once again came forth to battle the monster and undo the damage he had caused. Then, with accustomed modesty she let Yu take the credit and begin his kingdom (for Nüwa cared not for empty praise and hollow glory but only for the well-being of her children).” https://ferrebeekeeper.wordpress.com/2013/09/24/xiangliu-the-nine-headed-snake/ Max Dashu: These patriarchal heroes! Nova Scheller: What a fascinating thread…that the nine headed hydra correlates to the nine headed dragon as a linkage to patriarchy or gynocentric/ matriarchal beginnings…the root being in Korea! Dropping into your work of so many years…a privilege as well as informing some of my personal awareness. Helen Hye-Sook Hwang: Nova Scheller, indeed! The myth of slaining the nine-headed snake/dragon across cultures shows; (1) The onset of patriarchy did not come naturally but forcefully, which proves that patriarchy is not original. It was a reaction to what had been before, its matrix. Patriarchy faked its originality by inventing the myth of demonizing and killing the female principle. (2) Patriarchal rules established across cultures adopted the mythic motif of slaining the nine-headed snake or dragon, which appears to be of Chinese origin. (3) The Nine Mago mythic system preserved in Korean Magoism testifies to gynocentric/matriarchal beginnings, which were remembered by peoples of the ancient world. (4) Furthermore, Korean Magoist mythology explains the origin/meaning of the nona Goddess symbol. Let’s explore how the Nine Mago pantheon was remembered in East Asian myths and religions. For this, we need to unravel the patriarchal mythopoeia of Goma, the Shaman ruler of Old Magoist East Asia/Korea. Helen Hye-Sook Hwang: In principle, we can tell if an ancient rule/culture was patriarchal or gynocentric by the myth of the nine-headed snake/dragon. In the case of ancient China whose heroes are told to have killed the opponent, the nine-headed snake. Nonetheless, the people’s memory of pre-patriarchal gynocentric history never dies. The nine symbolism is still described as auspicious. It revives time and time again throughout history. In other words, ancient China was a small regional power, only modern scholarship seals it all mighty China. Find out what other ancient myths concern about the nine female symbolism. (To be continued) Join us in The Mago Circle https://www.facebook.com/groups/magoism/.
(Special Post) Why I choose to be an RTM contributor by Glenys Livingstone

The contribution of my writing to Return to Mago E-Magazine has evolved since it began four years ago, into a deeply mutually enhancing relationship. The time and effort taken to write carefully and in alignment with my heartfelt passions and insights, and then to be able to publish to a receptive audience, has always been rewarding – for me personally and apparently for many who received it.
(Special Post 8) Why Goddess Feminism, Activism, and Spirituality?

[Editor’s Note: This was first proposed in The Mago Circle, Facebook Group, on March 6, 2014. We have our voices together below and publish them in sequels. Special thanks to Trista Hendren, founder and author of The Girl God, who passionately and painstakingly promotes the message of each contributor via Facebook’s memes. Without Trista’s devotion to the advocacy, this collective effort would not have continued. It is an ongoing project and we encourage our reader to join us! Submit yours today to Helen Hwang (magoism@gmail.com). Or visit and contact someone in Return to Mago’s Partner Organizations.] Marija Krstic-Chin To remember who we really are (nature, cycles, network, creative force, one, infinite…) for the benefit of all of humanity and all living things; and to unite and unify as we broadcast, hand down, protect and defend this truth and each other against the oppressive intentions and actions of patriarchal perpetrators, puppets, and pawns who seek to enslave us by various old and new divide-and-conquer strategies.

(Photography & Poetry) Thoughts of Spring by Deanne Quarrie

Spring At the highest point on the tree, you stretch, reaching for the sun. Your pink petals elegant in their grace, you stand alone. Bravest of all, for leaves have yet to come to offer shade Branches bare except for furry buds that will soon follow in imitation of your daring first move. Intrepid flower of Spring, I feel like you in my yearning for the Sun!
Samhain/Deep Autumn within the Creative Cosmos by Glenys Livingstone Ph.D.

This essay is an edited excerpt from Chapter 4 of the author’s new book A Poiesis of the Creative Cosmos: Celebrating Her within PaGaian Sacred Ceremony. Traditionally the dates for Samhain/Deep Autumn are: Northern Hemisphere – October 31st/November 1st Southern Hemisphere – April 30th/May 1st though the actual astronomical date varies. It is the meridian point or cross-quarter day between Autumn Equinox and Winter Solstice, thus actually a little later in early May for S.H., and early November for N.H., respectively. A Samhain/Deep Autumn Ceremonial Altar In this cosmology, Deep Autumn/Samhain is a celebration of She Who creates the Space to Be par excellence. This aspect of the Creative Triplicity is associated with the autopoietic quality of Cosmogenesis[i] and with the Crone/Old One of the Triple Goddess, who is essentially creative in Her process. This Seasonal Moment celebrates the process of the Crone, the Ancient One … how we are formed by Her process, and in that sense conceived by Her: it is an ‘imaginal fertility,’ a fertility of the dark space, the sentient Cosmos. It mirrors the fertility and conception of Beltaine (which is happening in the opposite Hemisphere at the same time). Some Samhain/Deep Autumn Story This celebration of Deep Autumn has been known in Christian times as “Halloween,” since the church in the Northern Hemisphere adopted it as “All Hallow’s eve” (31st October) or “All Saint’s Day” (1st November). This “Deep Autumn” festival as it may be named in our times, was known in old Celtic times as Samhain (pronounced “sow-een), which is an Irish Gaelic word, with a likely meaning of “Summer’s end,” since it is the time of the ending of the Spring-Summer growth. Many leaves of last Summer are turning and falling at this time: it was thus felt as the end of the year, and hence the New Year. It was and is noted as the beginning of Winter. It was the traditional Season for bringing in the animals from the outdoor pastures in pastoral economies, and when many of them were slaughtered. Earth’s tilt is continuing to move the region away from the Sun at this time of year. This Seasonal Moment is the meridian point of the darkest quarter of the year, between Autumn Equinox and Winter Solstice; the dark part of the day is longer than the light part of the day and is still on the increase. It is thus the dark space of the annual cycle wherein conception and dreaming up the new may occur. As with any New Year, between the old and the new, in that moment, all is possible. We may choose in that moment what to pass to the future, and what to relegate to compost. Samhain may be understood as the Space between the breaths. It is a generative Space – the Source of all. There is particular magic in being with this Dark Space. This Dark Space which is ever present, may be named as the “All-Nourishing Abyss,”[ii] the “Ever-Present Origin.”[iii] It is a generative Place, and we may feel it particularly at this time of year, and call it to consciousness in ceremony. Some Samhain/Deep Autumn Motifs The fermentation of all that has passed begins. This moment may mark the Transformation of Death – the breakdown of old forms, the ferment and rot of the compost, and thus the possibility of renewal.[iv] It is actually a movement towards form and ‘re-solution’ (as Beltaine – its opposite – begins a movement towards entropy and dissolution). With practice we begin to develop this vision: of the rot, the ferment, being a movement towards the renewal, to see the gold. And just so, does one begin to know the movement at Beltaine, towards expansion and thus falling apart, dissolution. In Triple Goddess poetics it may be expressed that the Crone’s face here at Samhain begins to change to the Mother – as at Beltaine the Virgin’s face begins to change to the Mother: the aspects are never alone and kaleidoscope into the other … it is an alive dynamic process, never static. The whole Wheel is a Creation story, and Samhain is the place of the conceiving of this Creativity, and it may be in the Spelling of it – saying what we will; and thus, beginning the Journey through the Wheel. Conception could be described as a “female-referring transformatory power” – a term used by Melissa Raphael in Thealogy and Embodiment:[v] conception happens in a female body, yet it is a multivalent cosmic dynamic, that is, it happens in all being in a variety of forms. It is not bound to the female body, yet it occurs there in a particular and obvious way. Androcentric ideologies, philosophies and theologies have devalued the event and occurrence of conception in the female body: whereas PaGaian Cosmology is a conscious affirmation, invocation and celebration of “female sacrality”[vi] as part of all sacrality. It does thus affirm the female as a place; as well as a place.[vii] ‘Conception’ is identified as a Cosmic Dynamic essential to all being – not exclusive to the female, yet it is a female-based metaphor, one that patriarchal-based religions have either co-opted and attributed to a father-god (Zeus, Yahweh, Chenrezig – have all taken on being the ‘mother’), or it has been left out of the equation altogether. Womb is the place of Creation – not some God’s index finger as is imagined in Michelangelo’s famous painting. Melissa Raphael speaks of a “menstrual cosmology”. It is an “ancient cosmology in which chaos and harmony belong together in a creation where perfection is both impossible and meaningless;”[viii] yet it is recently affirmed in Western scientific understanding of chaos, as essential to order and spontaneous emergence. Samhain is an opportunity for immersion in a deeper reality which the usual cultural trance denies. It may celebrate immersion in what is usually ‘background’ – the real world beyond and within time and space: which is actually the major portion of the Cosmos we live in.[ix] Samhain is about understanding that the Dark is a fertile place: in its decay and rot it seethes with infinite unseen complex golden threads connected to the wealth of Creativity of all that has gone before – like any …
(Essay and Video) Cosmogenesis Dance: Celebrating Her Unfolding by Glenys Livingstone

The dance begins with two concentric circles, which will flow in and out of each other throughout the dance, resulting thus in a third concentric circle that comes and goes. The three circles/layers are understood to represent the three aspects of Goddess, the Creative Triple Dynamic that many ancients were apparently aware of, and imagined in so many different ways across the globe. In Her representation in Ireland as the Triple Spiral motif, which is inscribed on the inner chamber wall at Bru-na-Boinne (known as Newgrange)[1], She seems to be understood as a dynamic essential to on-going Cosmic Creativity, as this ancient motif is dramatically lit up by the Winter Solstice dawn. It seems that this was important to the Indigenous people of this place at the time of Winter Solstice, which celebrates Origins, the continuing birth of all. Thus I like to do this Cosmogenesis Dance, as I have named it[2], at the Winter Solstice in particular. The three aspects that the dance may embody, and are poetically understood as Goddess, celebrate (i) Virgin/Young One – Urge to Be as I have named this quality – the ever new differentiated being (also known as Fodla in the region of the Triple Spiral)[3]. This is the outer circle of individuals. (ii) Mother – the deeply related interwoven web – Dynamic Place of Being as I have named this quality – the communion that our habitat is (also known as Eriu in the region of the Triple Spiral)[4]. This is the woven middle circle where all are linked and swaying in rhythm. (iii) Crone/Old One – the eternal creative return to All-That-Is – She who Creates the Space to Be as I have named this quality (also known as Banba in the region of the Triple Spiral)[5]. This is the inner circle where linked hands are raised and stillness is held. The three concentric layers of the dance may be understood to embody these. The Cosmogenesis Dance represents the flow and balance of these three – a flow and balance of Self, Other and All-That-Is. It may be experienced like a breath, that we breathe together – as we do co-create the Cosmos. Thomas Berry and Brian Swimme have named the three qualities of Cosmogenesis in the following way: – differentiation … to be is to be unique – communion … to be is to be related – autopoiesis/subjectivity … to be is to be a centre of creativity.[6] The three layers of the dance may be felt to celebrate each unique being, in deep relationship with other, directly participating in the sentient Cosmos, the Well of Creativity. The Cosmogenesis Dance as it is done within PaGaian Winter Solstice ceremony expresses the whole Creative Process we are immersed in. It is a process of complete reciprocity, a flow of Creator and Created, like a breath. There is dynamic exchange in every moment: that is the nature of the Place we inhabit. The dance may help awaken us to it, and to invoke it. The Cosmogenesis Dance on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR73MDMM9Fk For more story: Cosmogenesis Dance for Winter Ritual For Dance Instructions: PaGaian Cosmology Appendix I Meet Mago Contributor Glenys Livingstone NOTES: [1] The Triple Spiral engraving is dated at 2,400 B.C.E. [2] This dance is originally named as “The Stillpoint Dance”, or sometimes “Adoramus Te Domine” which is the name of the music used for it. I learned it from Dr. Jean Houston in 1990 at a workshop of hers in Sydney, Australia. I began to use the dance for Winter Solstice ceremony in 1997, and it was only in the second year of doing so that I realised its three layers were resonant with the three traditional qualities of the Female Metaphor/Goddess, and also the three faces of Cosmogenesis. I thereafter re-named and storied the dance that way in the ceremonial preparation and teaching for Winter Solstice. See Glenys Livingstone, PaGaian Cosmology: pp. 280-281 and 311. [3] Michael Dames, Ireland: a Sacred Journey, p.192. [4] Michael Dames, Ireland: a Sacred Journey, p. 192. [5] Michael Dames, Ireland: a Sacred Journey, p. 192. [6] Brian Swimme and Thomas Berry, The Universe Story, p. 71-79. I have identified these qualities with the Triple Goddess, and the Triple Spiral in the synthesis of PaGaian Cosmology: see Glenys Livingstone, PaGaian Cosmology, particularly Chapter 4: https://pagaian.org/book/chapter-4/ References: Dames, Michael. Ireland: a Sacred Journey, Element Books, 2000. Livingstone, Glenys. PaGaian Cosmology: Re-inventing Earth-based Goddess Religion. Lincoln NE: iUniverse, 2005. Swimme, Brian and Berry, Thomas. The Universe Story: From the Primordial Flaring Forth to the Ecozoic Era. NY: HarperCollins, 1992.
A Southern Hemisphere Perspective on Place by Glenys Livingstone Ph.D.

This essay is an edited excerpt from the Introduction to the author’s book PaGaian Cosmology: Re-inventing Earth-based Goddess Religion, which was an outcome of her doctoral research/thesis entitled The Female Metaphor – Virgin, Mother, Crone – of the Dynamic Cosmological Unfolding: Her Embodiment in Seasonal Ritual as Catalyst for Personal and Cultural Change. This doctoral work was in turn a documentation and deeper research of the Seasonal ceremonial celebrations that the author was already engaged in for over a decade. The whole of the process is here named as her “Search”. photo credit: David Widdowson, Astrovisuals. The site of seasonal ceremonial celebrations will always be significant. In my case, the place in which I have created them has been notably in the Southern Hemisphere of out Planet Earth. The fact of my context being thus – the Southern Hemisphere – had contributed in the past to my deep internalized sense of being “other”, and dissociated from my senses, since almost all stories told were based in Northern Hemisphere perspective. Yet at the same time this context of inhabiting the Southern Hemisphere contributed to my deep awareness of Gaia’s Northern Hemisphere and Her reciprocal Seasonal Moment: thus, awareness of the whole Planet. My initial confusion about the sensed Cosmos – as a Place, became a clarity about the actual Cosmos – which remained inclusive of my sensed Cosmos. PaGaian reality – the reality of our Gaian “country” – is that the whole Creative Dynamic happens all the time, all at once. The “other”, the opposite, is always present – underneath and within the Moment. This has affected my comprehension of each Sabbat/Seasonal Moment, its particular beauty but also a fullness of its transitory nature. Many in the Northern Hemisphere – even today – have no idea that the Southern Hemisphere has a ‘different’ lunar, diurnal, seasonal perspective; and because of this there often is a rigidity of frame of reference for place, language, metaphor and hence cosmology[i]. Indeed over the years of industrialized culture it has appeared to matter less to many of both hemispheres, including the ‘author-ities’, the writers of culture and cosmos. And such ‘author-ity’ and northern-hemispheric rigidity is also assumed by many more Earth-oriented writers as well[ii]. There has been consistent failure to take into account a whole Earth perspective: for example, the North Star does not need to be the point of sacred reference – there is great Poetry to be made of the void of the South Celestial Pole. Nor need the North be rigidly associated with the Earth element and darkness, nor is there really an “up” and a “down” cosmologically speaking. A sense and accountof the Southern Hemisphere perspective with all that that implies metaphorically as well as sens-ibly, seems vitally important to comprehending and sensing a whole perspective and globe – a flexibility of mind, and coming to inhabit the real Cosmos, hence enabling what I have named as a ‘PaGaian’ cosmological perspective, a whole Earth perspective. It has also been of particular significance that my Search has been birthed in the ancient continent of Australia. It is the age of the exposed rock in this Land, present to her inhabitants in an untarnished, primal mode that is significant. This Land Herself has for millennia been largely untouched by human war, conquest and concentrated human agriculture and disturbance. The inhabitants of this Land dwelt here in a manner that was largely peaceful and harmonious, for tens of thousands of years. Therefore the Land Herself may speak more clearly I feel; one may be the recipient of direct transmission of Earth in one of her most primordial modes. Her knowledge may be felt more clearly – one may be taught by Her. I think that the purity of this transmission is a significant factor in the development of the formal research I undertook – in my chosen methodology and in what I perceived in the process, and documented; from my beginnings as a country girl, albeit below my conscious mind in the subtle realms of which I knew little, to the more conscious times of entering into the process of the Search. In this Land that birthed me, ‘spirit’ is not remote and abstract, it is felt in Her red earth[iii]. Aboriginal elder David Mowaljarlai described, “This is a spirit country”[iv], and all of Her inhabitants, including non-Indigenous, may be affected by the strength of Her organic communication. It took me until the later stages of my research to realize the need to state the importance of this particular place for the advent of the research: the significance of both the land of Australia, and the specific region of the Blue Mountains in which I was now dwelling, as well as the community of this particular region, which all lent itself to the whole process. The lateness of this perception on my part, has to do with the extent of my previous alienation; but the fact that it did occur, is perhaps at least in part attributable to the unfolding awakening to my habitat that was part of the project/process. The specific region of the “Blue Mountains” – as Europeans have named them – is significant in that I don’t think that this project/process could have happened as it did in just any region. David Abram says, “The singular magic of a place is evident from what happens there, from what befalls oneself or others when in its vicinity. To tell of such events is implicitly to tell of the particular power of that site, and indeed to participate in its expressive potency[v]”. Blue Mountains, Australia: Dharug and Gundungurra Country The Blue Mountains are impressive ancient rock formations, an uplifted ancient seabed, whose “range of rock types and topographical situations has given rise to distinct plant communities”[vi]; and the presence of this great variation of plant communities, “especially the swamps, offer an abundance and variety of food sources, as well as habitats for varied fauna”[vii]. I feel that this is the case for …
(Video) Winter Solstice Breath Meditation by Glenys Livingstone Ph.D.

Winter Solstice/Yule Southern Hemisphere – June 20 – 23. Northern Hemisphere – December 20 – 23 Winter Solstice is a celebration of the Mother/Creator aspect of the Triple Goddess in particular – as both Solstices may be, as dark or light come to fullness. Winter Solstice Moment celebrates the ripe fullness of the Dark Womb, and the gateway from that fullness back into new growing light. It is a Birthing Place – into differentiated being, and Her birthing happens in every moment in the breath, and is seamlessly connected with all layers of being – of self, Earth and Cosmos. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDsVZzXtoyM The Text in the Meditation[i] Take a deep breath and let it go. Notice the Void at the bottom of emptying your breath … feeling it, and feeling the Urge to breathe as it arises. And again … feeling it over and over – this breath that arises out of the full emptiness in every moment, birthing you in every moment. – Recall some of the birthings in your life, your actual birth – see it there in your mind’s eye … you coming into being – your Nativity, your Nativity. Recall projects you have brought into being, new beings within yourself, perhaps children, new beings in others, how you have been Creator and Created – even at the same time … who was birthing who? Staying for a while with the many, many birthings in your life. – recalling now Earth-Gaia’s many birthings out of the Dark everyday … the dawn is constant as She turns. See Her in your mind’s eye – the constant dawning around the globe, the constant birthing. Recall Earth’s many births right now of all beings – as day breaks around the globe – the physical, emotional, spiritual births. Her many, many birthings everyday, and throughout the eons. recalling now Universe-Gaia’s many birthings – happening in every moment – right now in real time and space … supernovas right now, stars and planets being born right now. Her many, many birthings in every moment and throughout the eons. – recalling now Universe-Gaia’s many birthings – happening in every moment – right now in real time and space … supernovas right now, stars and planets being born right now. Her many, many birthings in every moment and throughout the eons. Come back to your breath – this wonder – none of it separate … the Origin Ever-Present, birthing you in every moment – out of Her Fertile Dark, in real time and space. Feeling this breath, Her breath. NOTES: [i] Glenys Livingstone, PaGaian Cosmology, Winter Solstice ceremonial script, p. 195-196. Reference: Glenys Livingstone, PaGaian Cosmology. Music: Fish Nite Moon by Tim Wheater, permission generously given Images: – Birth of the Goddess, Erich Neumann, The Great Mother, pl. 155. See https://pagaian.org/book/cover-goddess-image/ – Winter Solstice window, MoonCourt Australia 2016 – some sources unknown
The Passing of Last Summer’s Growth by Glenys Livingstone Ph.D.

The ‘passing of last Summer’s growth’ as is experienced and contemplated in the Season of Deep Autumn/Samhain, may be a metaphor for the passing of all/any that has come to fullness of being, or that has had a fullness, a blossoming of some kind, and borne fruit; and in the passing it has been received, and thus transforms. The ‘passing of last Summer’s growth’ may be in hearts and minds, an event or events, a period of time, or an era, that was a deep communion, now passed and dissolved into receptive hearts and minds, where it/they reside for reconstitution, within each unique being. Samhain is traditionally understood as ‘Summer’s end’: indeed that is what the word ‘Samhain’ means. In terms of the seasonal transitions in indigenous Old European traditions, Summer is understood as over when the Seasonal Moment of Lammas/Lughnasad comes around; it is the first marked transition after the fullness of Summer Solstice. The passing and losses may have been grieved, the bounty received, thanksgiving felt and expressed, perhaps ceremonially at Autumn Equinox/Mabon; yet now in this Season of Samhain/Deep Autumn it composts, clearly falls, as darkness and cooler/cold weather sets in, change is clearer. In the places where this Earth-based tradition arose, Winter could be sensed setting in at this time, and changes to everyday activity had to be made. In our times and in our personal lives, we may sense this kind of ending, when change becomes necessary, no longer arbitrary: and the Seasonal Moment of Samhain may be an excellent moment for expressing these deep truths, telling the deep story, and making meaning of the ending, as we witness such passing. What new shapes will emerge from the infinite well of creativity? And we may wonder what will return from the dissolution? What re-solution will be found? We may wonder what new shapes will emerge. In the compost of what has been, what new syntheses, new synergies, may come forth? Now is the time for dreaming, for drawing on the richness within, trusting the sentience, within which we are immersed, and which we are: and then awaiting the arrival, being patient with the fermentation and gestation. Seize the moment, this Moment – and converse with the depths within your own bodymind, wherein She is. Make space for the sacred conversation, the Conversing with your root and source of being, and take comfort in this presence. We may ponder what yet unkown beauty and wellness may emerge from this infinite well of creativity. The Samhain Moment in the Northern Hemisphere is 17:14 UT 7thNovember this year. Wishing you a sense of the deep communion present in the sacred space you make for this holy transition.

(Video) 2013 Mago Pilgrimage to Korea by Helen Hye-Sook Hwang

[Author’s note: The first Mago Pilgrimage to Korea took place June 6-19, 2013. We visited Ganghwa Island, Seoul, Wonju, Mt. Jiri, Yeong Island (Busan), and Jeju Island.] Read Mago Pilgrimage Essay 1 and Mago Pilgrimage Essay 2. See Meet Mago Contributor, Hae Kyoung Ahn for “Ma Gaia Womb” chant music and Meet Mago Contributor, Helen Hwang Ph.D.
(Art) Mago by Lydia Ruyle

Mago of old Korea and East Asia, also known as Magu, Mako, Samsin Halmeoni (Triad Grandmother Goddess) and Cheonsin (Heavenly Deity), is the Great Goddess. Mago is the progenitor, creatrix, and ultimate sovereign. Early gynocentric cultures venerated Her in many forms. Her multivalent identities include an immortal, mendicant, crone, shaman, and/or nature-shaper of mountains, rocks, caves and seas. In art, Mago often carries a basket of lingzi mushrooms, medicinal herbs and flowers–all symbols of immortality. Source: Painting c. 1400 CE by Seokgyeong. Joseon Dynasty. Korea (Meet Mago Contributor) Lydia Ruyle.
(Essay 4) Magos, Muses, and Matrikas: The Magoist Cosmogony and Gynocentric Unity by Helen Hye-Sook Hwang, Ph.D.

[Author’s note: This paper is published in the journal, the Gukhak yeonguronchong 국학연구론총 (Issue 14, December 2014). Here it will appear in five sequels including the response by Dr. Glenys Livingstone. Numbers of end notes differ from the original paper.] (Part 4) Parallels between Magos and Matrikas The numeric fluidity of a particular pantheon of Goddesses from three to nine is no isolated phenomenon in Western Muse tradition only. Laura K. Chamberlain’s research on the Hindu Goddess Matrika, one of the major manifestations of Durga, bears a close resemblance to the counterpart in Magoism.[1] In the story of Mago Halmi, Mago had eight daughters and dispatched seven daughters to seven regions/islands who respectively became the shaman progenitor of the region. She lived with the youngest daughter, whose region was the center of Magoism.[2] The Mago pantheon is also addressed as Gurang (Nine Goddesses) in the case of Gaeyang Halmi (Sea Goddess/Grandmother).[3] Among others, a parallel between Chamberlian’s delineation of the worship of the Asta Matrikas (Eight Mother Goddesses) and folk rituals concerning Mago is striking with regards to the aniconic rituals offered at “crossroads, rivers, the sea, and mountains” to Matrika. In the case of Magoism, the veneration of rocks and mountains that may be seen as “animistic beliefs” is widespread throughout the Korean peninsula. The linguistic resemblance is also present between Matrikas and Magos. According to Chamberlian, Mai (mother) and Ajima (grandmother) are the “two of the oldest names for the goddess in Nepal.” [4] They appear analogous with the Korean words Eomma 엄마 (Omai 오마이, Omasi 오마시, and etc. for mother) and Ajime (아지매, a female relative or aunt), a dialect from which the modern term Ajuma (아줌마, neighbor woman often pejoratively referring to a housewife) is derived. Chamberlain also notes the varied number of Matrikas and writes: The inconsistency in the number of Matrikas found in the valley [Indus] today (seven, eight, or nine) possibly reflects the localization of goddesses [ ] Although the Matrikas are mostly grouped as seven goddesses over the rest of the Indian Subcontinent, an eighth Matrikas has sometimes been added in Nepal to represent the eight cardinal direction. In Bhaktapur, a city in the Kathmandu Valley, a ninth Matrika is added to the set to represent the center.[5] On the one hand, it is true that the indeterminate number of Matrikas, as Chamberlain points out, explains localization of Hindu Goddesses in the Indian Subcontinent. On the other hand, it is equally possible to posit that there was a Goddess myth once shared by the members of mother community in a remote past. A daughter community, which resided in the mother community, came to migrate farther away from the mother community. She herself became a mother and was known as the mother community by her own daughter communities. From the perspective of the original mother community, the memory of the original myth by granddaughter communities would be fragmented and flavored with their own cultural, historical, and linguistic backgrounds. After many generations passed, granddaughter communities would lose the memory of the original myth and that they would not recognize kindred communities all over the world. However, the first mother was wise. She chose one daughter to carry on the legacy of the original myth. This is exactly what Mago stories tells us. When all is said and done, the numeric similarity of three, seven, eight, or nine and the inconsistency of the number are only some of the fragmented testimonies by granddaughter communities. Under such circumstances, Mago’s lineage, especially the first three generations, works as a blueprint of the family tree lost among granddaughter communities. (Read Part 3, to be continued in Part 5, Dr. Glenys Livingstone’s response to this essay.) References: Bak, Geum (Bak, Jesang). Budoji (Epic of the Emblem City). Eun-Soo Kim, translated and annotated. Seoul: Hanmunhwa, 2002, 1986c. Baring, Anne and Julies Cashford, eds. The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of an Image. London: Viking Arkana, 1991. Chamberlain, Laura K. “Durga and the Dashain Harvest Festival: From the Indus to Katmandu Valleys” in ReVision (vol. 25, no. 1, Summer 2002), 24-32. Chung, Yenkyu. Ancient Korea and the Dawn of History on the Pamirs. Seoul: Jimoondang, 2007. Daly, Mary. Pure Lust: Elemental Feminist Philosophy. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1984. Davis, Elizabeth Gould. The First Sex. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1971, 33. Hwang, Helen Hye-Sook. “Issues in Studying Mago, the Great Goddess of East Asia: Primary Sources, Gynocentric History, and Nationalism,” in The Constant and Changing Faces of the Goddess: Goddess Traditions of Asia, eds. Deepak Shimkhada and Phyllis Herman (Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2008), 10-33. ____________________. “The Female Principle in the Magoist Cosmogony.” Ochre Journal of Women’s Spirituality, (Spring 2007) [http://www.ochrejournal.org/2007/scholarship/hwang1.html]. ____________________. Seeking Mago, the Great Goddess: A Mytho-Historic-Thealogical Reconstruction of Magoism, an Archaically Originated Gynocentric Tradition of East Asia. Ph.D. Dissertation: Claremont Graduate University, 2005. Kim, Busik. The Samguk Sagi (History of Three Kingdoms). Translated and annotated by ByongSu Lee. Seoul: Elyu Munhwasa, 1977. Lee, Ki-baik. A New History of Korea. Translated by E. Wagner and E. Shultz. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984. Smith, Barbara. “Greece” in The Feminist Companion to Mythology. Carolyne Larrington ed. Hammersmith, London: Pandora Press, 1992. Yoon, Thomas. BuDoZhi: The Genesis of MaGo (Mother Earth) and The History of the City of Heavenly Ordinance. Notre Dame, IN: Cross Cultural Publications, 2003. Walker, Barbara G. The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1983. [1] Levy 1990; Slusser 1982, cited in Laura K. Chamberlain, “Durga and the Dashain Harvest Festival: From the Indus to Katmandu Valleys” in ReVision (vol. 25, no. 1, Summer 2002), 24-32. [2] See Tales [9-1] and [5-3] in the Appendix, Hwang (2005), 391-8. [3] I was able to join a field research trip organized by the research team of Kunguk University’s Korean Literature Graduate Studies to collect the folk stories of Gaeyang Halmi, the Sea Goddess, in Buan-gun (Buan County), North Jeolla Province, South Korea July 10-12, 2012. Only after the trip, I realized Gaeyang Halmi with her eight daughters was …